Burns and Scalds

Burns are caused by heat, friction, or chemicals (see Chemical burns); scalds are caused by hot liquids. If severe, either may affect the whole body, not just the burnt or scalded part. The main dangers from large burns are fluid loss leading to Shock, and infection....

Chemical Burns

Caustic or corrosive chemicals can badly damage the skin, especially the eyes. Industrial chemicals are not the only culprits; many potentially dangerous chemicals are used in the home. Be sure not to contaminate yourself when dealing with chemical burns. Damaged skin...

Chemicals Inhaled

If there are poisonous substances in the air, these will be breathed in. Thick smoke causes the muscles lining the airways to go into spasm; the victim begins to choke and suffocate. Carbon monoxide (from vehicle exhausts) replaces oxygen in the blood, causing oxygen...

Chest Injuries

Chest injuries usually fall into one of three categories: penetrating wounds, blast injuries, and broken bones. Penetrating wounds allow air from the outside to enter the lungs directly. This causes breathing difficulties similar to those of Asphyxia; blood may be...

Choking

Food, vomit, and the tongue itself can obstruct the airway to the lungs and cause choking. The signs of choking are difficulty breathing and speaking, and sometimes coughing. If the obstruction cannot be removed, the person will turn blue and clutch at the throat,...